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Nissan fuel cell vehicle available Effis
       Effis Nissan developed a new “super motor” as well as fuel cell group with a light lithium batteries, it needs for the future ultra-small size and light design of the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) showed a possibility. The car dashboard and seats in the design of the concept of using a new, 3-meter long vehicles to ensure that the manipulation of the flexibility and comfort of the crew of three board space, plus ample space for another person.
     In addition, Nissan is actively working to develop hybrid, FCV (fuel cell vehicle), and other benefit a new generation of environmentally-friendly powertrain technology, and contains a unique Effis technology is Nissan’s latest achievements in research and development activities.

GM fuel cell vehicles to China Hy-wire
     In early 2001 North American International Auto Show, GM introduced the self-Magic (AUTOMONY) concept cars so that the whole number of cars eclipsed, because it is a completely different exhibits, can not even call it “car.” It is only a skateboard-like chassis, the chassis in an integrated fuel cell power systems as well as all other control systems. Wire with the use of technology, the “skateboard” Let the steering wheel, pedal things have become redundant. As long as it is installed to a different “car shell”, the “skateboard” on either a sports car, as well as a station wagon, and even can be a vehicle.
     At that time, our reporter to the complete subversion of the traditional concept of the autonomy of automotive concept car known as the magic is “the design of General Motors as the world’s a dream.” But soon, GM put this dream into reality, the world may be driving a wire fuel cell vehicle in the Hy-wire in September 2002 officially unveiled in Paris Motor Show. It was “Time Magazine” in 2002 awarded “Coolest Invention Award.” This to “H” as the energy carrier of the automobile, for General Motors to the “hydrogen economy” of the goal and laid a solid foundation. The car is now common to the Chinese to allow the Chinese public have the opportunity to work together and common, to share the joy of dreams come true.
     Hy-wire for the Hydrogen and the by-wire compound words, which means hydrogen fuel drive - wire. Hy-wire model is a five-seater with four station wagon, its driver and control system installed in the chassis like skateboarding, so the crew inside the vehicle and their luggage to have the largest space. No motor vehicle, no need to operate the pedal, only one is called X-drive operation of the electronic control panel, conveniently placed in the car left or right side. The car’s fuel cell group installed in the rear of the chassis can produce 94 kilowatts of continuous power. Car interior decoration and style reflect the personality of the body needs.
     New device wire system
     “By-wire” wire technology is the core of the intelligent electro-mechanically actuated devices, these devices will be the driver’s instructions by the electronic signals into mechanical motion, the system also provides electronic signals to the drivers of dynamic feedback.
     As a result of motor vehicle steering column and the steering wheel pedal-wire control system was installed to replace the driver can also be used with the right hand to left-handed manipulation of the moving vehicle.
     When the car need to turn to when drivers can rotate the handle to control the device, the sensor will capture the action of the digital signal and then send a signal to the motor, its drive towards rack instructions. When accelerating, the driver is located just gently rotate the left or the right side of the handle; in the slowdown, then only the minimal amount of financial support in the same brake brake handle; handle to control the direction of sliding up and down.
     In addition, drivers can choose the right or left sitting in the driver’s seat of the chair, as the drive control device installed in the console can be moved around on. Wire system also integrates with an electronic monitor may be the primary function of the implementation of vehicle monitoring. Monitor in a car-wide track width of the level of movement back and forth. As a result of by-wire system is used to connect and control electronics, so it simply insert the Hy-wire chassis on the dock-type interface.
     Wire technology in automotive applications has the advantage of being, first, the steering wheel steering column and pedal after the car design for more space, simplifying the procedures for operating the vehicle; Second, save the mechanical and hydraulic connections devices, reduced body weight and simplified maintenance; Third, the by-wire system without the use of hydraulic fluid for steering and braking, making more environmentally friendly car; the fourth, as the vehicle through the driver software to determine the characteristics, such as brakes, turn and accelerate, driving the launch of a new adjustment process as easy as simple.
     Distinctive chassis combination
     Hy-wire chassis for the main part of the thickness of 11 inches, on both sides along the direction of decreasing thickness, the brink of the Department reduced to seven inches. The car’s fuel cell group installed in the rear of the chassis through its traditional cooling radiator. Fuel cell stack size and the chassis is similar to personal computers, from a total of 200 series of fuel cell components. The fuel cell stack 129 kilowatts at peak power of the state continued to generate 94 kilowatts of electricity. This environmentally-friendly generator in accordance with the load can provide between 125 and 200 volt DC voltage. The inverter voltage can be increased to 250 ~ 380 V, and then converted into alternating current to drive motor (Hy-wire control system of the wire voltage of 42 volts to work). Online Communication under control devices, fuel cells can be made fully dynamic response; therefore no need to use batteries to provide additional capacity for peak power. Three can withstand the pressure of 350 Palestinian cylindrical hydrogen storage tank has been fixed in the horizontal central skateboard chassis, weighs just 75 kilograms, can store two kilograms of gaseous hydrogen. Fuel cell from the hydrogen storage tank to provide access to electricity. GM’s next goal is to pressure vessel 350 from the existing 700 bus to Pakistan in order to ensure the largest fuel cell vehicle to achieve 500 km trip. Due to the vast majority of power system load has been evenly distributed in the chassis between the front and rear end, the overall vehicle center of gravity has been lowered. Because of this, cars have been given better control performance, and the maximum increase in body height at the same time still ensure good anti-roll performance, which greatly improved the overall safety of vehicles.
     Innovative car design
     Hy-wire vehicle weight of 1,900 kilograms, the use of 20-inch front tires, rear tires 22 inches used. Aluminum in the chassis and between the glass fiber body, through the universal docking interface to achieve electrical connection. Mechanical connection between the two cars who rely on at the 10 connector, it can be easily demolished. The car with cameras instead of rear-view mirror, headlights and tail lights of the LED technology is used, so the lights can be installed in a small space.汪云青
     Hy-wire concept car specifications parameter table
     Vehicle fuel cell and wire technology, front-wheel-drive luxury cars
     Number of 5 passengers
     Fuel storage system composed of carbon composite materials in three cylindrical pressure vessel
     Fuel cell stack 200 independent fuel cell
     Series voltage 125-200 volts
     Continuous power 94 kilowatts, 129 kilowatts of peak
     Power density of 1.60 kilowatts / L, 0.94 kilowatts / kg
     Electronic traction system with integrated power electronics and planetary gear of the three-phase asynchronous motor
     Operating voltage 250-380 V
     Torque 215 Nm
     Maximum speed of 12000rpm
     Transmission ratio 8.67:1
     Skateboard chassis aluminum frame
     Length / width / height 4357/1670/2790 mm
     Body weight of steel and glass fiber, 1.9 thousand kilograms
     Body length of 5 meters
     Wheelbase 3114 millimeters

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has never been so close from the China Automobile! The past two weeks, General Motors, Honda have their own exhibition in China’s latest fuel cell vehicle, Honda has also invited the media test drive of its new fuel cell vehicle FCX.
     - Hydrogen fuel cell cars the advantage of
     Fuel cell vehicle with hydrogen for energy, the use of electrolysis of water to the principle of antagonistic by combining hydrogen and oxygen react to generate electricity for power-driven traffic. Therefore, it is a kind of electric vehicles rather than traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. Currently, Toyota, Honda, GM fuel cell vehicle research and development in the leading position.
     Fuel cells using renewable energy sources — hydrogen, and compared to traditional gasoline fuels with environmental protection and other benefits will not be depleted. To this end, it was to rise as a “hydrogen economy” a high degree, which will eventually replace the current “oil economy.”
     Specifically, the advantages of fuel cell vehicles: First, the issue of energy security. At present, oil has become a strategic resource relates to the people’s livelihood, renewable hydrogen can be also natural to be a substitute for oil; second is environmental. At present, fossil fuels are difficult to resolve the issue of CO2 emissions, and hydrogen fuel will only produce water, can be described as a “zero emission clean energy.”
     - Hydrogen fuel cell is the price of gasoline engine 100 times
     Although fuel cell vehicles has many advantages, but, as an emerging technology, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is faced with many difficulties. Honda Motor President researcher, FCX is responsible for the development of Canada and the United States who said that there are at least five of its technical problems.
     The first is cost. At present, the cost of hydrogen fuel cell is an ordinary gasoline engine of 100 times, the market price is unbearable.
     Second, low-temperature startup difficulties, due to the production of hydrogen fuel-cell reaction of water, water at 0 ℃ below freezing will make it difficult to work at low temperatures. Recently, however, Honda has developed -20 ℃ in the fuel cell vehicle to start.
     Third, for the exercise of the distance. Hydrogen storage as a result of difficulties in the exercise of mileage for petrol vehicles only 1 / 2.
     Fourth, the weight and size. Honda FCX for example, they use only hydrogen bottle 157 liters capacity, there is a traditional 3 times the tank volume, which brings difficulties to the traffic layout.
     Fifth, hydrogen refueling station network and other infrastructure facilities.
     - Hydrogen fuel cell cars in China, more promising
     Experts believe that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the greatest difficulty hydrogenation network. This is not only an automotive technology is a revolutionary energy technology, government, community, energy companies involved in all aspects.
     At present, the United States, Japan and other countries the Government has recognized the “hydrogen economy” great prospects, have funding for technology development, and to develop a corresponding plan industry.
     U.S. Department of Energy has developed a “hydrogen program”, announced 1.2 billion U.S. dollars investment in hydrogen fuel cells for research and development, proposed in 2010 to allow fuel cell vehicles in the automotive market, occupying 25%. Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan’s development objective is that by 2010 fuel cell vehicle to the price of gasoline engine down to the level of general and to government agencies from the beginning of the first fuel cell vehicle popularization.
     Automotive industry experts believe that hydrogen fuel cells, such as the development of new technologies to China and other developing countries even more. The reason is the basis of China’s auto industry, gas stations have not yet formed the basis of the size of the building, entirely possible to jump directly to “hydrogen economy” era of a lot of money saved, just as China’s telecommunications has not been wired communication times and direct transition to the same stage of wireless communications.
     At present, electric vehicles, the project has been strongly supported by relevant state departments, 863 are included. March 27 this year, with a total investment 32.36 million U.S. dollars, it’s my 5-year commercialization of fuel cell bus demonstration project officially started. A global tender to purchase 12 fuel cell buses, and the establishment of the corresponding hydrogenation facilities, a model run in Beijing and Shanghai cities.
     -2020 Years, fuel cell vehicles will account for 5-10% of the share
     For the prospects of fuel cell vehicles, Honda Motor President researcher, FCX is responsible for the development of Canada and the United States who believe that by 2020, in Japan and the United States, fuel cell vehicles will account for 5-10%. If there is a breakthrough technology, fuel cell vehicles will also speed up the process of popularization.
     In addition, a Honda engineer, said: “by increasing the feasibility of mass production, the price of fuel cell vehicles by 2010 is likely to reach around ¥ 10,000,000 (about 600,000 yuan), to be as high as in 2020 and gasoline the same car for about ¥ 2,000,000 (about 120,000 yuan). “If it can achieve such a price, popularity of fuel cell vehicles a day will not be far behind.
     Japan’s Fujitsu has announced economic fuel cell market survey indicates that by 2010 fuel cell vehicle market volume of about ¥ 14,500,000,000 (approximately one billion yuan). Fuji also predicted that the economy has already entered the phase of the commercialization of fuel cell combined heat and power will be, automotive and portable power supply terminals in areas such as the market gradually formed. By 2005, fuel cell cars from the current level of 6 to 100.

Since 1999, Honda released the first “FCX-V1″ test fuel cell car, has been carried out for the “FCX-V2″, “FCX-V3″, “FCX-V4″ and “FCX”, such as the development process, in February 2002 fuel cell vehicle “FCX-V4″ made in Japan that the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; in July the same year fuel cell vehicle “FCX” the first time in the world that the United States Government; in September “FCX” the world’s first Office of the United States Environmental Protection (EPA) ” zero emission vehicles “that.
     2 December, 2002, Honda at the same time the Government of Japan and the United States to Los Angeles City Hall to deliver the first batch of FCX, to become the world
To achieve the commercialization of the first sale of a fuel cell vehicle manufacturers.
     Honda FCX Hydrogen power systems using high-pressure-type fuel cell system and Honda’s unique super-capacitor motor-driven machine line. CO2 car emissions of harmful substances and reduce to zero at the same time, using its own EV (Electric Vehicle) electronic control technology, NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) high-pressure gas storage technology, hybrid vehicles, such as high-precision energy control technology to achieve a 45 % of energy efficiency.
     At the same time, in order to make fuel cell cars, compact cars have the characteristics of easy driving, Honda used the unique layout of the whole technology, has developed a proprietary platform, will be a variety of elements of the power system in a reasonable layout of the front body , the rear seat bottom and back. In ensuring the full range of collision safety performance in order to compact body size, can be achieved easily accommodate four adults traveling in space.
     Used to look at his face, FCX is so special about not much, but there are three water tanks vents. This is because the production of fuel cell is water, therefore, the temperature can not be higher than 100 ℃, while the cooling water temperature to below 80 ℃, therefore, FCX installed radiator 3.
     Because there is no engine roar, sitting in the car FCX, some people are not accustomed to. FCX cool the instrument panel, the back is very clear and blue. Petrol vehicles in general different, FCX on the instrument panel can also display the work of the state of the battery, indicating that when the charge, when acting.
     FCX a smooth start, acceleration fairly rapidly, thanks to Honda’s unique super-capacitor motor drive + driver design, the start of work by the motor speed of 20 km / hour, the fuel cell to work.
     As a result of a shorter drive time, and space is limited, we can not feel the high-speed performance of FCX. Statistics show that the fastest speeds of up to 150 km / hr.

State policy prohibits the burning of introduction of technology to deal with waste batteries
   Waste batteries for a period of time since the pollution from all circles of society and the media’s widespread concern throughout the have undertaken a number of environmental protection activities. After the recovery of waste battery handling, Environmental Protection Agency issued five batteries sector pollution prevention technology policy, the prohibition of all kinds have been collected for incineration of waste batteries.
The technology policy also provides that, in waste transport and disposal of batteries, the batteries should not be cannibalized, RCC and other breaking operation, to ensure integrity of the waste battery casings in order to prevent seepage of harmful substances. Carried out in the burning of solid waste and composting to deal with cities and regions should carry out waste separation on the collection, to avoid all kinds of waste battery life with the other garbage into the waste incineration plant and garbage compost fermentation device.
For those who have been collected, there is no effective means of renewable after one-time or mixed recycling of waste batteries, the technology policy, will be based on the requirements of hazardous waste disposal or storage. In the absence of the construction of hazardous waste safety landfill areas can be hazardous waste landfill in accordance with the requirements of the construction of a dedicated landfill unit, or in accordance with the relevant requirements of the construction of dedicated storage facilities for used batteries will be put into plastic containers of waste batteries in a dedicated facility landfill disposal or storage. In order to facilitate the future recycling of waste batteries, the technology policy recommendations, it would be preferable to have the collection of waste batteries zoning classification of landfill disposal or storage.