Electric Vehicles and Environmental Protection
(Trackback: http://www.best-laptop-battery.co.uk/blog )
Large-scale use of motor vehicles is one of the main causes of air pollution, especially in large cities. Control of air pollution in a number of recommendations, it was suggested that: “the electric car of the 21st century — a clean means of transport”, the theme of the concept of people in environmental protection today is very appealing. However, electric vehicles can really solve the problem of pollution from motor vehicles? The development of environment-friendly car electric vehicle only a way out right? For answers to these questions, we are still divergent views. Why electric vehicles become a hot spot? Advocates believe that electric vehicles, electric vehicles has the following advantages:
First of all, electric vehicles are considered “zero pollution” car, it can effectively improve the urban air quality, reduce noise pollution. Because of pollution caused by motor vehicles include harmful exhaust, noise and dust raised, which is the most harmful emissions. According to the analysis of automobile exhaust gas composition in a variety of more than 1000 kinds, about which the greatest harm on the human body is carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides and so on. These harmful substances can lead to respiratory diseases, physiological dysfunction, and even lead to cancer. The use of electric vehicles, no matter what kind of battery, resulting in minimal emissions, equivalent to only an ordinary internal combustion engines of motor vehicles 2% ~ 8%. At the same time, the work of motor noise is very small, only half of an ordinary engine.
Second, electric vehicles powered by electricity, a variety of energy sources, we can make use of coal, petroleum, natural gas and other fossil fuels resources, can also arise from hydro, wind, tidal, geothermal and nuclear energy, the relative scarcity of savings oil resources. Geological experts estimate that the current exploitation rate, the world’s proven oil reserves will be depleted in several decades. In China, the oil was the shortage of mineral resources as the first. Thus, diversification of energy policies, reduce dependence on oil and consumption, has become the consensus of many countries. It is estimated that motor vehicle fuel may be the world’s oil consumption accounted for 40% of the total. If we can significantly reduce the car the “big oil” the amount of fuel consumption, it would be exciting! From this perspective, the electric car is indeed a very good choice.
Third, some experts believe that the use of electric vehicles, energy efficiency than internal combustion engine vehicle high. For example, electric vehicles in the traffic jams do not need to idle when the engine running, not to energy; braking when the motor generator can play a role, that is able to translate into vehicle kinetic energy into electrical energy storage battery. In addition, studies have shown that after a rough equivalent of crude oil refining to power generation, and then charge into the batteries, drive motor drive energy efficiency of motor vehicles, refined into gasoline than after transport, refueling, and then by engine-driven car high two percentage points. It is due to the above-mentioned advantages of electric vehicles became the excitement of the automotive industry and the world’s major manufacturers of the key technologies of the future competition. However, critics of electric vehicles has never been stopped, and efforts to have the same convincing.
Critics from the three aspects of electric vehicles to be negative. First, the electric vehicle is a “zero emissions” and not really down pollution, and pollution of the environment may be more; At the same time, some experts do not agree with electric vehicles, energy-saving point of view. They think that electric vehicles and gasoline pollution cars should be driven from the driving energy to the whole process of comparison. At present, coal-fueled power plant occupies a large proportion, caused by electric cars to increase power consumption will lead to increased power plant emissions; burning of coal will produce a large number of sulfur oxides, which is a major factor in acid rain, and the pollution in the gasoline car is almost non-existent. The method of calculating the same conclusion is that electric vehicles produce pollution of nitrogen oxide than gasoline cars high a few percentage points, from low carbon dioxide emissions than petrol vehicles of approximately 20%. Therefore, the electric vehicle does not really achieve environmental goals, but the car exhaust pipe emissions of pollution into the chimney of a power plant only.
Second, the batteries of electric vehicles for the use of lead-acid batteries, manufacturing, use of these batteries will have serious environmental pollution. Manufacturing lead-acid batteries will be mining, refining large amounts of toxic lead, which is bound to mines and factories are polluting the surrounding environment, At the same time, the battery will be used to create a large number of heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, etc., these heavy metal wastes is a serious If these toxic wastes infiltrate aquifers would result in serious water pollution. If large-scale use of lead-acid batteries, but also a large amount of lead compounds, lead compounds may even be the pollution of air pollution than the present even more serious. Therefore, unless the sound of electric vehicles to find the battery, or the degree of pollution may be higher than gasoline cars.
Third, we should address the use of electric vehicles, energy efficiency point of view, some energy experts also questioned. They believe that electric vehicles from the entire process of energy utilization, the efficiency of coal-fired electricity is about 34%, 94% transmission efficiency, battery efficiency of 90%, motor-driven efficiency of motor sport for 80% of the total efficiency of only 23% higher than the efficiency of gasoline engines is even lower.
Based on the above analysis, some foreign experts sharply pointed out that electric vehicles are not really out of environmental considerations, but also we can not solve environmental problems, it was the reason why the rapid development of a very important reason is that car manufacturers in order to achieve a growing the more stringent emissions standards and regulations, can only adopt the expedient development of electric vehicles. In fact, the competition is to develop electric vehicles, to a large extent inhibited oil alternative fuels the development of environmentally friendly vehicles. The outcome of this dispute is not important, its significance lies in the deepening of the automotive research and other environmental issues, draw attention to the development of other environment-friendly vehicle, these vehicles include: solar cars, hydrogen fuel cars, compressed natural gas vehicles and hybrid electric vehicle and so on.
Spinach will be the future of battery
In the cartoon “Popeye”, the spinach is a food is full of energy. Recently, scientists found a vegetable extract from the real energy. In this way, scientists invented a so-called “spinach cells”, such as long battery life for more than three weeks, can be applied to mobile phones, laptops and other mobile devices.
Scientists use the principle of the photosynthesis of green plants. Spinach selected mainly because of its high chlorophyll content, prices, and the four seasons can be used. Although photosynthesis can transform sunlight into energy, but now in the early stages of the experiment, this battery can not produce electricity, only the use of solar energy to extend battery life.
Spinach scientists first dissolved in the centrifuge, the protein extracted from them; and then again a peptide detergent into the gap in the protein; then inject the mixture of plastic, gold, indium tin oxide, as well as transparent semiconductor material through a gap between the layers, made of a chip. The chip is not only durable and easy to repair: When the battery to stop working, it is easy to add protein to the inside.
So far, the chip is only developed the solution that a layer of spinach, it can also have a weak point of the current. Scientists plan to increase the level of the other to produce more energy. At present, the study is still in the early stages, scientists also can not predict within ten years for commercial applications.
This is the first time extracted from the photosynthesis of current such as the basic material. This finding indicates that there is indeed such a way that can be generated by molecular biological combine directly applied to the circuit.
